自考英语毕业论文范文.doc 41页

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2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文附表4华南理工大学高等教育自学考试毕业设计（论文）任务书办学单位华南理工大学公开学院指导教师姓名曹老师学生姓名钟XX专业技术职务正高副高中级√毕业设计（论文）题目Brontesistersintheliteraryhistory课题来源ABCD√毕业设计（论文）目的及成果要求ThispaperhelpspeopleknowmoreaboutBronteSisteronliterary.Itincludefourpart.ItexpoundBronteSisters’legendarylife.毕业设计（论文）内容及要求ThisarticlemainlyintroducedBronteSisterswhomadegreatcontributionstoliteraryhistory.Introducetheirlives,worksandImpressionafterreading.主要参考文献（1）Thehistoryofforeignliterature《外国文学史》ZhejiangUniversityPress浙江大学出版社（2）JaneEyre《简爱》CharlotteBronte（夏洛蒂·勃朗特著）Thepeople"sLiteraturePublishingHouse人民文学出版社（3）WutheringHeights《呼啸山庄》EmilyBronte(艾米莉·勃朗特著)ShanghaiTranslationPublishingHouse上海译文出版社（4）AgnesGreyy《艾格尼丝·格雷》（安妮·勃朗特著）ChongqingUniversityPress重庆出版社（5）http://annebronte.com/（6）http://baike.baidu.com/view/285751.htm百度百科工作进度安排1.Makethecontent(3days)2.Writingthedraft（1month）3.Correctingthedraft(3weeks)4.Finishingtheessay(3weeks)本任务书于2012年7月10日发出，毕业设计（论文）应于2012年9月30日前完成，由指导老师审阅与评阅老师评阅后，提交毕业设计（论文30）答辩小组进行答辩。指导教师曹老师签发2012年9月30日毕业设计（论文）指导小组组长审核年月日注：1．毕业设计（论文）任务书由指导教师填写，由指导教师签发，经毕业设计（论文）指导小组组长审核后生效。2．“课题来源”一栏：A．指导教师的科研课题；B．指导教师收集的科研和生产实际中的课题；C．学生在科学活动和工程实践中自立的课题；D．自拟课题。在表中相应栏内打“√”。华南理工大学自考办制表41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文附表5华南理工大学高等教育自学考试毕业设计（论文）水平指导教师审阅评语书毕业设计（论文）题目Comparativeanalysisofvideosoftware学生姓名钟XX专业英语年级10级平时成绩（百分制）70质量成绩（百分制）65指导教师姓名曹老师职称副教授办学单位广东XX职业技术学院在整个毕业论文撰写过程中，该同学能在老师的严格要求下顺利完成论文的撰写,并主动与老师沟通中遇到的各种问题及写作进程。论文题目与论文的内容基本相符，结构完整，条理清晰，基本上没有大的语法错误。从内容上看，结构丰满，论述比较充分，论据与论点切题，作者有自己独特的感受和观点。但仍存在问题的是少数论点不够深刻和全面.总体而言，这是一篇合格的论文，同意答辩！指导教师签名曹老师2012年9月30日注：平时成绩评定依据：1、出勤、纪律、协作精神；2、独立工作能力；3、工作勤奋及刻苦精神；4、独立思考与主动性；5、外文资料翻译情况（本科）。41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文Abstract TheBrontëswereanineteenth-centuryliteraryfamilyassociatedwiththevillageofHaworthintheWestRidingofYorkshire,England.Thesisters,Charlotte(born21 April1816),Emily(born30July1818),andAnne(born17January1820),arewellknownaspoetsandnovelists.Theyoriginallypublishedtheirpoemsandnovelsundermasculinepseudonyms,followingthecustomofthetimespractisedbyfemalewriters.Theirstoriesimmediatelyattractedattention,althoughnotalwaysthebest,fortheirpassionandoriginality.Charlotte"sJaneEyrewasthefirsttoknowsuccess,whileEmily"sWutheringHeights,Anne"sTheTenantofWildfellHallandotherworkswerelatertobeacceptedasmasterpiecesofliterature.Keywords:BronteSister,novel,literature41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文摘要布朗蒂，是19世纪，来自英格兰约克郡布拉福德的西北部的小村庄的一个著名的文学世家。其中的三姐妹夏洛蒂，艾米莉，安妮是以她们的诗作最为著名。她们根据当时的传统惯例，她们以男性笔名的身份出版了诗集和小说。她们的故事很有吸引力，即使不是最好的，但很有他们的激情和创造力。《简爱》是夏洛蒂最为著名的作品，而之后艾米莉的《呼啸山庄》，安妮的《女房客》和之后的其他的一些作品被当做世界文学史上不可多得的著作。关键词：布朗蒂，小说，文学41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文ContentsAbstract4摘要5Introduction7Chapter1BriefintroductionofBronteSisters81.1CharlotteBronte81.2EmilyBronte101.3AnneBronte13Chapter2.mainworksofBronteSisters172.1JaneEyre172.2WutheringHeights232.3AgnesGrey29Chapter3BronteSistersontheinfluenceofworldliterature323.1CharlotteBronte323.2EmilyBronte323.3AnneBronte33Chapter4Impressionafterreading354.1TheIndependentSpirit——JaneEyre354.2Loveandrevenge——Wutheringheights354.3Withtherealityofthestruggle——AgnesGrey36Chapter5conclusion.38Referece40Acknowledgement4141 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文IntoductionJaneEyreisaBronteSistersaremakeknowntoeveryfamily.CharlotteBronte’sJaneEyreisontheindependentcharacteroffemalenarrative.EmilyBronte’s’WutheringHeightsisontheextremeloveandpersonalitydescription.Tothesefictionalworldsweretheproductoffertileimaginationfedbyreading,discussion,andapassionforliterature.Farfromsufferingfromthenegativeinfluencesthatneverleftthemandwhichwerereflectedintheworksoftheirlater,morematureyears,theBrontëSistersabsorbedthemwithopenarms.TomostpeopleimpressivelonelymoodisAnneBronte’s’AgnesGreyy.Inconclusion,theyarealltalented.Inmypaperhere,therewillhavefourchapterstomyviewmypoint:ChapteronedescribeBriefintroductionofBronteSisters.ChaptertwopresentmainworksofBronteSisters,suchasJaneEyre,WutheringHeights.ChapterthreeisthatBronteSistersontheinfluenceofworldliterature.Chapterfouristheconclusion.41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文Chpter1BriefintroductionofBronteSisters1.1CharlotteBronteCharlotteBronte(21April1816–31March1855)wasanEnglishnovelistandpoet,theeldestofthethreeBrontësisterswhosurvivedintoadulthood,whosenovelsareEnglishliteraturestandards.ShewroteJaneEyreunderthepennameCurrerBell.1.1.1Earlylifeandeducation图1-1http://image.baidu.com/i?ct=503316480&z=0&tn=baiduimagedetail&word=Charlotte%20Bront%3F%3F&in=30787&cl=2&lm=-1&st=-1&pn=0&rn=1&di=309017460500&ln=911&fr=&fm=index&fmq=1346851663422_R&ic=&s=&se=&sme=0&tab=&width=&height=&face=&is=&istype=2#pn0&-1&di309017460500&objURLhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.dioenglish.com%2Fwiki%2Fuploads%2F200908%2Fs_1249610546Apt2hUbh.png&fromURLhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.dioenglish.com%2Fwiki%2Findex.php%3Fdoc-view-1317&W98&H140&T9885&S24&TPpngCharlottewasborninThornton,Yorkshirein1816,thethirdofsixchildren,toMaria(néeBranwell)andherhusbandPatrickBrontë(formerlysurnamedBruntyorPrunty),anIrishAnglicanclergyman.In1820,thefamilymovedafewmilestothevillageofHaworth,wherePatrickhadbeenappointedPerpetualCurateofStMichaelandAllAngelsChurch.Charlotte"smotherdiedofcanceron15September1821,leavingfivedaughtersandasontobetakencareofbyhersisterElizabethBranwell.InAugust1824,Charlottewassentwiththreeofhersisters,Emily,Maria,andElizabeth,totheClergyDaughters"SchoolatCowanBridgeinLancashire(SheusedtheschoolasthebasisforLowoodSchoolinJaneEyre).Theschool"spoorconditions,Charlottemaintained,permanentlyaffectedherhealthandphysicaldevelopmentandhastenedthedeathsofhertwoeldersisters,Maria(born1814)andElizabeth(born1815),whodiedoftuberculosisinJune1825.Soonaftertheirdeaths,herfatherremovedCharlotteandEmilyfromtheschool.AthomeinHaworthParsonageCharlotteactedas"themotherlyfriendandguardianofheryoungersisters".Sheandhersurvivingsiblings—Branwell,Emily,andAnne–createdtheirownliteraryfictionalworlds,andbeganchroniclingthelivesandstrugglesoftheinhabitantsoftheseimaginarykingdoms.CharlotteandBranwellwroteByronicstoriesabouttheirimaginedcountry,"Angria",andEmilyandAnnewrotearticlesandpoemsabout"Gondal".Thesagastheycreatedwereelaborateandconvoluted(andstillexistinpartialmanuscripts)andprovidedthemwithanobsessiveinterestduringchildhoodandearlyadolescence,whichpreparedthemfortheirliteraryvocationsinadulthood.41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文CharlottecontinuedhereducationatRoeHeadinMirfield,from1831to1832,whereshemetherlifelongfriendsandcorrespondents,EllenNusseyandMaryTaylor.[1]ShortlyaftershewrotethenovellaTheGreenDwarf(1833)usingthenameWellesley.CharlottereturnedtoRoeHeadasateacherfrom1835to1838.In1839,shetookupthefirstofmanypositionsasgovernesstofamiliesinYorkshire,acareershepursueduntil1841.PoliticallyaTory,shepreachedtoleranceratherthanrevolution.Sheheldhighmoralprinciples,and,despitehershynessincompany,wasalwayspreparedtoargueherbeliefs.BrusselsIn1842CharlotteandEmilytravelledtoBrusselstoenrolinaboardingschoolrunbyConstantinHeger(1809–96)andhiswifeClaireZoéParentHeger(1804–87).Inreturnforboardandtuition,CharlottetaughtEnglishandEmilytaughtmusic.TheirtimeattheboardingschoolwascutshortwhenElizabethBranwell,theirauntwhojoinedthefamilyafterthedeathoftheirmothertolookafterthechildren,diedofinternalobstructioninOctober1842.CharlottereturnedalonetoBrusselsinJanuary1843totakeupateachingpostattheschool.Hersecondstaywasnotahappyone;shebecamelonely,homesickanddeeplyattachedtoConstantinHeger.ShereturnedtoHaworthinJanuary1844andusedhertimeattheboardingschoolastheinspirationforsomeexperiencesinTheProfessorandVillette.1.1.2NovelsJaneEyre,published1847Shirley,publishedin1849Villette,publishedin1853TheProfessor,writtenbeforeJaneEyre,submittedatfirstalongwithWutheringHeightsandAgnesGrey,thenseparately,andrejectedineitherformbymanypublishinghouses,publishedposthumouslyin1857Emma,unfinished;CharlotteBrontëwroteonly20pagesofthemanuscript,publishedposthumouslyin1860.Inrecentdecades,atleasttwocontinuationsofthisfragmenthaveappeared:Emma,by"CharlotteBrontëandAnotherLady",published1980;althoughthishasbeenattributedtoElizabethGoudge,theactualauthorwasConstanceSavery.EmmaBrown,byClareBoylan,published200341 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文PoetryPoemsbyCurrer,Ellis,andActonBell(1846)SelectedPoemsofTheBrontës,EverymanPoetry(1997)1.1.3IllnessandsubsequentdeathInJune1854,CharlottemarriedArthurBellNicholls,herfather"scurateandpossiblythemodelforJaneEyre"sSt.JohnRivers.Shebecamepregnantsoonafterthemarriage.Herhealthdeclinedrapidlyduringthistime,andaccordingtoGaskell,shewasattackedby"sensationsofperpetualnauseaandever-recurringfaintness."Charlottedied,withherunbornchild,on31March1855,attheageof38.Herdeathcertificategivesthecauseofdeathasphthisis(tuberculosis),butmanybiographerssuggestshemayhavediedfromdehydrationandmalnourishment,causedbyexcessivevomitingfromseveremorningsicknessorhyperemesisgravidarum.ThereisevidencetosuggestthatCharlottediedfromtyphusshemayhavecaughtfromTabithaAckroyd,theBrontëhousehold"soldestservant,whodiedshortlybeforeher.CharlottewasinterredinthefamilyvaultintheChurchofStMichaelandAllAngelsatHaworth.Posthumously,herfirst-writtennovelwaspublishedin1857.Thefragmentsheworkedoninherlastyearsin1860hasbeentwicecompletedbyrecentauthors,themorefamousversionbeingEmmaBrown:ANovelfromtheUnfinishedManuscriptbyCharlotteBrontëbyClareBoylanin2003.MuchAngriamaterialhasappearedinpublishedformsincetheauthor"sdeath.1.2EmilyBrontë图1-2http://image.baidu.com/i?ct=503316480&z=&tn=baiduimagedetail&word=Emily%20Jane%20Bront%3F%3F&in=7741&cl=2&lm=-1&st=-1&pn=1&rn=1&di=18771923100&ln=1957&fr=&fm=result&fmq=1346851729573_R&ic=0&s=&se=1&sme=0&tab=&width=&height=&face=0&is=&istype=2#pn1&-1&di18771923100&objURLhttp%3A%2F%2Fnovel.tingroom.com%2Fuploads%2Fallimg%2F110307%2F1285634240f14e4.jpg&fromURLhttp%3A%2F%2Fnovel.tingroom.com%2Fwriter%2F20.html&W200&H294&T9530&S14&TPjpgEmilyJaneBrontë(30July1818–19December1848)wasanEnglishnovelistandpoet,bestrememberedforhersolitarynovel,WutheringHeights,nowconsideredaclassicofEnglishliterature.EmilywasthethirdeldestofthefoursurvivingBrontësiblings,betweentheyoungestAnneandherbrotherBranwell.ShepublishedunderthepennameEllisBell.EmilyBrontëwasbornon30July1818inThornton,nearBradfordinYorkshire,toMariaBranwellandPatrickBrontë.ShewastheyoungersisterofCharlotteBrontëandthefifthofsixchildren.In1824,thefamilymovedtoHaworth,where41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文Emily"sfatherwasperpetualcurate,anditwasinthesesurroundingsthattheirliterarygiftsflourished.1.2.1EarlylifeandeducationAfterthedeathoftheirmotherin1821,whenEmilywasthreeyearsold,[3]theoldersistersMaria,ElizabethandCharlotteweresenttotheClergyDaughters"SchoolatCowanBridge,wheretheyencounteredabuseandprivationslaterdescribedbyCharlotteinJaneEyre.Emilyjoinedtheschoolforabriefperiod.Whenatyphusepidemicswepttheschool,MariaandElizabethcaughtit.Maria,whomayactuallyhavehadtuberculosis,wassenthome,whereshedied.EmilywassubsequentlyremovedfromtheschoolalongwithCharlotteandElizabeth.Elizabethdiedsoonaftertheirreturnhome.ThethreeremainingsistersandtheirbrotherPatrickBranwellwerethereaftereducatedathomebytheirfatherandauntElizabethBranwell,theirmother"ssister.Intheirleisuretimethechildrencreatedanumberoffantasyworlds,whichwerefeaturedinstoriestheywroteandenactedabouttheimaginaryadventuresoftheirtoysoldiersalongwiththeDukeofWellingtonandhissons,CharlesandArthurWellesley.LittleofEmily"sworkfromthisperiodsurvives,exceptforpoemsspokenbycharacters(TheBrontës"WebofChildhood,FannieRatchford,1941).[4]WhenEmilywas13,sheandAnnewithdrewfromparticipationintheAngriastoryandbegananewoneaboutGondal,alargeislandintheNorthPacific.WiththeexceptionofEmily"sGondalpoemsandAnne"slistsofGondal"scharactersandplace-names,theirwritingsonGondalwerenotpreserved.Some"diarypapers"ofEmily"shavesurvivedinwhichshedescribescurrenteventsinGondal,someofwhichwerewritten,othersenactedwithAnne.Onedatesfrom1841,whenEmilywastwenty-three:anotherfrom1845,whenshewastwenty-seven.Atseventeen,EmilyattendedtheRoeHeadgirls"school,whereCharlottewasateacher,butmanagedtostayonlythreemonthsbeforebeingovercomebyextremehomesickness.ShereturnedhomeandAnnetookherplace.[6]Atthistime,thegirls"objectivewastoobtainsufficienteducationtoopenasmallschooloftheirown.1.2.2AdulthoodEmilybecameateacheratLawHillSchoolinHalifaxbeginninginSeptember1838,whenshewastwenty.Herhealthbrokeunderthestressofthe17-hourworkdayandshereturnedhomeinApril1839.Thereaftershebecamethestay-at-homedaughter,doingmostofthecookingand41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文cleaningandteachingSundayschool.ShetaughtherselfGermanoutofbooksandpractisedpiano.ConstantinHeger,teacherofCharlotteandEmilyduringtheirstayinBrussels,onadaguerreotypedatedfromcirca1865.PlaqueinBrusselsIn1842,EmilyaccompaniedCharlottetoBrussels,Belgium,wheretheyattendedagirls"academyrunbyConstantinHeger.TheyplannedtoperfecttheirFrenchandGermaninanticipationofopeningtheirschool.NineofEmily"sFrenchessayssurvivefromthisperiod.Thesistersreturnedhomeuponthedeathoftheiraunt.Theydidtrytoopenaschoolattheirhome,butwereunabletoattractstudentstotheremotearea.In1844,Emilybegangoingthroughallthepoemsshehadwritten,recopyingthemneatlyintotwonotebooks.Onewaslabelled"GondalPoems";theotherwasunlabelled.ScholarssuchasFannieRatchfordandDerekRoperhaveattemptedtopiecetogetheraGondalstorylineandchronologyfromthesepoems.Intheautumnof1845,Charlottediscoveredthenotebooksandinsistedthatthepoemsbepublished.Emily,furiousattheinvasionofherprivacy,atfirstrefused,butrelentedwhenAnnebroughtoutherownmanuscriptsandrevealedshehadbeenwritingpoemsinsecretaswell.In1846,thesisters"poemswerepublishedinonevolumeasPoemsbyCurrer,Ellis,andActonBell.TheBrontësistershadadoptedpseudonymsforpublication:CharlottewasCurrerBell,EmilywasEllisBellandAnnewasActonBell.Charlottewroteinthe"BiographicalNoticeofEllisandActonBell"thattheir"ambiguouschoice"was"dictatedbyasortofconscientiousscrupleatassumingChristiannamespositivelymasculine,whilewedidnotliketodeclareourselveswomen,because...wehadavagueimpressionthatauthoressesareliabletobelookedonwithprejudice[.]"Charlottecontributed20poems,andEmilyandAnneeachcontributed21.Althoughthesistersweretoldseveralmonthsafterpublicationthatonlytwocopieshadsold,theywerenotdiscouraged.TheAthenaeumreviewerpraisedEllisBell"sworkforitsmusicandpower,andtheCriticreviewerrecognized"thepresenceofmoregeniusthanitwassupposedthisutilitarianagehaddevotedtotheloftierexercisesoftheintellect."1.2.3DeathEmily"shealth,likehersisters",hadbeenweakenedbyunsanitaryconditionsathome,thesourceofwaterbeingcontaminatedbyrunofffromthechurch"sgraveyard.Shebecamesickduringherbrother"sfuneralinSeptember1848.Thoughherconditionworsenedsteadily,sherejectedmedicalhelpandallprofferedremedies,sayingthatshewouldhave"nopoisoningdoctor"nearher.Sheeventuallydiedoftuberculosis,on19December1848ataroundtwointheafternoon.41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文ShewasinterredintheChurchofSt.MichaelandAllAngelsfamilyvault,Haworth,WestYorkshire.1.3AnneBronteAnneBronte(17January1820–28May1849)wasaBritishnovelistandpoet,theyoungestmemberoftheBrontëliteraryfamily.图1-3http://image.baidu.com/i?ct=503316480&z=&tn=baiduimagedetail&word=Anne%20Bront%3F%3F&in=15421&cl=2&lm=-1&st=-1&pn=14&rn=1&di=169197045751&ln=1445&fr=&fm=detail&fmq=1346851768914_R&ic=0&s=&se=1&sme=0&tab=&width=&height=&face=0&is=&istype=2#pn14&-1&di169197045751&objURLhttp%3A%2F%2Fuserserve-ak.last.fm%2Fserve%2F_%2F42491295%2Fanne%2Bbront%2B200pxannebronte.jpg&fromURLhttp%3A%2F%2Fcn.last.fm%2Fmusic%2Fanne%2Bbront%25C3%25AB%2F%2Bimages%2F42491295&W200&H251&T10118&S12&TPjpgThedaughterofapoorIrishclergymanintheChurchofEngland,AnneBrontelivedmostofherlifewithherfamilyattheparishofHaworthontheYorkshiremoors.Foracoupleofyearsshewenttoaboardingschool.Attheageofnineteen,sheleftHaworthworkingasagovernessbetween1839and1845.Afterleavingherteachingposition,shefulfilledherliteraryambitions.Shewroteavolumeofpoetrywithhersisters(PoemsbyCurrer,Ellis,andActonBell,1846)andinshortsuccessionshewrotetwonovels.AgnesGrey,baseduponherexperiencesasagoverness,waspublishedin1847.Hersecondandlastnovel,TheTenantofWildfellHall,whichismainlyconsideredtobeoneofthefirstsustainedfeministnovels,appearedin1848.Anne"slifewascutshortwithherdeathofpulmonarytuberculosiswhenshewas29 yearsold.MainlybecausetherepublicationofTheTenantofWildfellHallwaspreventedbyCharlotteBrontëafteritsauthor"sdeath,Anneislessknownthanhersisters,Charlotte,authoroffournovelsincludingJaneEyre;andEmily,authorofWutheringHeights.Anne"stwonovels,writteninasharpandironicstyle,arecompletelydifferentfromtheromanticismfollowedbyhersisters.Shewroteinarealistic,ratherthanaromanticstyle.Hernovels,likethoseofhersisters,havebecomeclassicsofEnglishliterature1.3.1EarlylifeAnne,theyoungestmemberoftheBrontëchildren,wasbornon17January1820,at74MarketStreetinThorntonwhereherfatherwascurateandshewasbaptisedthereon25March1820.Shortlyafter,Anne"sfatherwasappointedtotheperpetualcuracyinHaworth,asmalltownseven41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文miles(11 km)away.InApril1820,theBrontësmovedintoHaworthParsonage,afive-roombuildingwhichbecametheirhomefortherestoftheirlives.Annewasbarelyayearoldwhenhermotherbecameillofwhatisbelievedtohavebeenuterinecancer.MariaBranwelldiedon15September1821.Inordertoprovideamotherforhischildren,Patricktriedtoremarry,buthehadnosuccess.Maria"ssister,ElizabethBranwell(1776–1842),movedtotheparsonage,initiallytonurseherdyingsister,butshesubsequentlyspenttherestofherlifethereraisingthechildren.Shediditfromasenseofduty,butshewasasternwomanwhoexpectedrespect,ratherthanlove.Therewaslittleaffectionbetweenherandtheeldestchildren,butsherelatedtoAnne,herfavouriteaccordingtotradition.Annesharedaroomwithheraunt,theywereclosewhichmayhaveinfluencedAnne"spersonalityandreligiousbeliefs.InElizabethGaskell"sbiography,Anne"sfatherrememberedherasprecocious,reportingthatonce,whenshewasfouryearsold,inreplytohisquestionaboutwhatachildmostwanted,sheanswered:"ageandexperience".Insummer1824,PatricksenthiseldestdaughtersMaria,Elizabeth,CharlotteandEmilytoCroftonHallinCrofton,WestYorkshire,andlatertotheClergyDaughter"sSchoolatCowanBridgeinLancashire.Whenhistwoeldestdaughtersdiedofconsumptionin1825,Mariaon6MayandElizabethon15June,CharlotteandEmilywereimmediatelybroughthome.TheunexpecteddeathsdistressedthefamilysomuchthatPatrickcouldnotfacesendingthemawayagain.Forthenextfiveyears,theBrontëchildrenwereeducatedathome,largelybytheirfatherandaunt.TheBrontëchildrenmadelittleattempttomixwithothersoutsidetheparsonage,butreliedoneachotherforfriendshipandcompanionship.ThebleakmoorssurroundingHaworthbecametheirplayground.1.3.2JuveniliaAround1831,whenAnnewaseleven,sheandEmilybrokeawayfromCharlotteandBranwelltocreateanddeveloptheirownfantasyworld,Gondal.AnnewasparticularlyclosetoEmilyespeciallyafterCharlotte"sdepartureforRoeHeadSchool,inJanuary1831.[30]WhenCharlotte"sfriendEllenNusseyvisitedHaworthin1833,shereportedthatEmilyandAnnewere"liketwins","inseparablecompanions".ShedescribedAnne:"Anne,deargentleAnnewasquitedifferentinappearancefromtheothers,andshewasheraunt"sfavourite.Herhairwasaveryprettylightbrown,andfellonherneckingracefulcurls.Shehadlovelyviolet-blueeyes;finepencilledeyebrowsandaclearalmosttransparentcomplexion.Shestillpursuedherstudiesandespeciallyhersewing,underthesurveillanceofheraunt."AnnetooklessonsfromCharlotte41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文,aftershereturnedfromRoeHead.CharlottereturnedtoRoeHeadasateacheron29July1835accompaniedbyEmilyasapupil;hertuitionlargelyfinancedbyCharlotte"steaching.Withinafewmonths,Emilyunabletoadapttolifeatschool,wasphysicallyillfromhomesickness.ShewaswithdrawnfromschoolbyOctober,andreplacedbyAnne.Agedfifteen,itwasAnne"sfirsttimeawayfromhome,andshemadefewfriendsatRoeHead.Shewasquietandhardworking,anddeterminedtostayandgettheeducationsheneededtosupportherself.Annestayedfortwoyears,winningagood-conductmedalinDecember1836,andreturninghomeonlyduringChristmasandthesummerholidays.AnneandCharlottedonotappeartohavebeenclosewhileatRoeHead(Charlotte"slettersalmostnevermentionAnne)butCharlottewasconcernedabouthersister"shealth.SometimebeforeDecember1837,Annebecameseriouslyillwithgastritisandunderwentareligiouscrisis.AMoravianministerwascalledtoseeherseveraltimesduringherillness,suggestingherdistresswascaused,inpart,byconflictwiththelocalAnglicanclergy.CharlottewrotetoherfatherwhotookAnnehomewheresheremainedwhilesherecovered.1.3.3AbookofpoemsTheBrontësisters,paintedbytheirbrother,Branwell,c.1834.Fromlefttoright:Anne,EmilyandCharlotte(therestillremainsashadowofBranwell,whichappearedafterhepaintedhimselfout).Insummer1845,alltheBrontëswereathomewiththeirfather.Nonehadanyimmediateprospectofemployment.AtthistimeCharlottecameacrossEmily"spoemswhichhadbeensharedonlywithAnne,herpartnerintheworldofGondal.Charlotteproposedthattheybepublished.Annerevealedherownpoems.Charlotte"sreactionwascharacteristicallypatronising:"Ithoughtthattheseversestoohadasweetsincerepathosoftheirown".Eventuallythesistersreachedanagreement.TheytoldneitherBranwell,northeirfather,northeirfriendsaboutwhattheyweredoing.AnneandEmilycontributed21poemsandCharlotte19.WithAuntBranwell"smoney,thesisterspaidtohavethecollectionpublishedAfraidtheirworkwouldbejudgeddifferentlyiftheyrevealedtheywerewomen,thebookappearedunderthreepseudonyms—orpen-names,theinitialsofwhichwerethesameastheirown.[57]CharlottebecameCurrerBell,Emily,EllisBellandAnne,ActonBell.PoemsbyCurrer,Ellis,andActonBellwasavailableforsaleinMay1846.Thecostofpublicationwasaboutthree-quartersofAnne"ssalaryatThorpGreen.On7May1846,thefirstthreecopiesofthebookweredeliveredtoHaworthParsonage.Itachievedthreesomewhatfavourablereviews,butwasa41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文dismalfailure,withonlytwocopiesbeingsoldinthefirstyear.Anne,however,begantofindamarketforhermorerecentpoetry.BoththeLeedsIntelligencerandFraser"sMagazinepublishedherpoem"TheNarrowWay"underherpseudonym,ActonBell.Fourmonthsearlier,inAugust,Fraser"sMagazinehadpublishedherpoem"TheThreeGuides".1.3.4DeathAnneBronte"sgraveatScarboroughInFebruary1849,Anneseemedsomewhatbetter.ShedecidedtomakeareturnvisittoScarboroughinthehopethatthechangeoflocationandfreshseaairmightinitiatearecoveryOn24May1849,AnnesaidhergoodbyestoherfatherandtheservantsatHaworth,andsetoffforScarboroughwithCharlotteandEllenNussey.Enroute,theyspentadayandanightinYork,where,escortingAnnearoundinawheelchair,theydidsomeshopping,andatAnne"srequest,visitedYorkMinster.However,itwasclearthatAnnehadlittlestrengthleft.OnSunday,27May,AnneaskedCharlottewhetheritwouldbeeasierifshereturnedhometodieinsteadofremainingatScarborough.Adoctor,consultedthenextday,indicatedthatdeathwasclose.Annereceivedthenewsquietly.SheexpressedherloveandconcernforEllenandCharlotte,andseeingCharlotte"sdistress,whisperedtoherto"takecourage".Consciousandcalm,Annediedatabouttwoo"clockintheafternoon,Monday,28May1849.Overthefollowingdays,Charlottemadethedecisionto"laytheflowerwhereithadfallen".Annewasburied,notinHaworthwiththerestofherfamily,butinScarborough.ThefuneralwasheldonWednesday,30May,whichdidnotallowtimeforPatrickBrontëtomakethe70-mile(110 km)journey,hadhewishedtodoso.TheformerschoolmistressatRoeHead,MissWooler,wasinScarboroughandshewastheonlyothermourneratAnne"sfuneral.ShewasburiedinSt.Mary"schurchyard,beneaththecastlewalls,overlookingthebay.Charlottecommissionedastonetobeplacedoverhergrave,withthesimpleinscription"HerelietheremainsofAnneBrontë,daughteroftheRevd.P.Bronte,IncumbentofHaworth,Yorkshire.Shedied,Aged28,28May1849".Annewas29atthetimeofherdeath.41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文Chapter2.mainworksofBronteSisters2.1JaneEyreJaneEyreisanovelbyEnglishwriterCharlotteBrontë.ItwaspublishedinLondon,England,in1847bySmith,Elder&Co.withthetitleJaneEyre.AnAutobiographyunderthepenname"CurrerBell."ThefirstAmericaneditionwasreleasedthefollowingyearbyHarper&BrothersofNewYork.WritingforthePenguinedition,StevieDaviesdescribesitasan"influentialfeministtext"becauseofitsin-depthexplorationofastrongfemalecharacter"sfeelings.图2-1http://book.douban.com/subject/2069659/图2-2http://image.baidu.com/i?ct=503316480&z=&tn=baiduimagedetail&word=Jane%20Eyre&in=20933&cl=2&lm=-1&st=-1&pn=10&rn=1&di=390295690200&ln=1989&fr=&fm=detail&fmq=1346851803866_R&ic=0&s=&se=1&sme=0&tab=&width=&height=&face=0&is=&istype=2#pn10&-1&di390295690200&objURLhttp%3A%2F%2Fimg2.mtime.com%2Fpi%2Fd%2F2005%2F33%2F20058130331.9368597.jpg&fromURLhttp%3A%2F%2Fmainsky.de%2Fbbs%2Fread.php%3Ftid-96744.html&W500&H742&T7163&S140&TPjpgPrimarilyofthebildungsromangenre,JaneEyrefollowstheemotionsandexperiencesofeponymousJaneEyre,hergrowthtoadulthood,andherloveforMr.Rochester,thebyronic[1]masterofThornfieldHall.Thenovelcontainselementsofsocialcriticism,withastrongsenseofmoralityatitscore,butisnonethelessanovelmanyconsideraheadofitstimegiventheindividualisticcharacterofJaneandthenovel"sexplorationofsexuality,religion,andproto-feminism.JaneEyreisafirst-personnarrativeofthetitlecharacter.Thenovelgoesthroughfivedistinctstages:Jane"schildhoodatGateshead,wheresheisemotionallyandphysicallyabusedbyherauntandcousins;hereducationatLowoodSchool,wheresheacquiresfriendsandrolemodelsbutalsosuffersprivationsandoppression;hertimeas41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文thegovernessofThornfieldHall,whereshefallsinlovewithherByronicemployer,EdwardRochester;hertimewiththeRiversfamilyduringwhichherearnestbutcoldclergymancousin,StJohnRivers,proposestoher;andthefinalewithherreunionwith,andmarriageto,herbelovedRochester.JaneEyreisdividedinto38chaptersandmosteditionsareatleast400pageslong.Theoriginalpublicationwasinthreevolumes,comprisingchapters1to15,16to26,and27to38;thiswasacommonpublishingformatduringthe19thcentury(seethree-volumenovel).Brontëdedicatedthenovel"ssecondeditiontoWilliamMakepeaceThackeray2.1.1PlotsummaryYoungJaneargueswithherguardianMrs.ReedofGateshead.IllustrationbyF.H.Townsend.Thenovelbeginswithaten-year-oldorphannamedJaneEyrewhoislivingwithhermaternaluncle"sfamily,theReeds,asheruncle"sdyingwish.Jane"sparentsdiedoftyphus.Jane’sauntSarahReeddoesnotlikeherandtreatsherworsethanaservantanddiscouragesandattimesforbidsherchildrenfromassociatingwithher.SheclaimedthatJanewasnotworthyofnotice.SheandherthreechildrenareabusivetoJane,physicallyandemotionally.OnedayJaneislockedintheredroom,whereheruncledied,andpanicsafterseeingvisionsofhim.SheisfinallyrescuedwhensheisallowedtoattendLowoodSchoolforGirls.Beforesheleaves,shestandsuptoMrs.Reedanddeclaresthatshe"llnevercallher"aunt"again.Andthatshe"dtelleveryoneatLowoodhowcruelshewastoher.AndsaysthatMrs.Reedisdeceitful,aswellasherdaughterGeorgiana.JohnReed,herson,averyrudeanddisrespectful,eventohisownmother,whohesometimeshadcalled"oldgirl",andhissisters,wastheworsttoJaneandwashatedbyherevenmorethanMrs.Reed.Mr.ReedhadbeentheonlyoneintheReedfamilytobekindtoJane.TheservantAbbotisalsoalwaysrudetoJane.TheservantBessieissometimesscoldingandsometimesnice.JanelikedBessiethebest.JanearrivesatLowoodInstitution,acharityschool,theheadofwhich(Brocklehurst)hasbeentoldthatsheisdeceitful.Duringaninspection,Janeaccidentallybreaksherslate,andMr.Brocklehurst,theself-righteousclergymanwhorunstheschool,brandsheraliarandshamesherbeforetheentireassembly.Janeiscomfortedbyherfriend,HelenBurns.MissTemple,acaringteacher,facilitatesJane"sself-defenseandwritestoMr.Lloyd,whosereplyagreeswithJane"s.Ultimately,JaneispubliclyclearedofMr.Brocklehurst"saccusations.41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文TheeightypupilsatLowoodaresubjectedtocoldrooms,poormeals,andthinclothing.Manystudentsfallillwhenatyphusepidemicstrikes.Jane"sfriendHelendiesofconsumptioninherarms.WhenMr.Brocklehurst"sneglectanddishonestyarediscovered,severalbenefactorserectanewbuildingandconditionsattheschoolimprovedramatically.Aftersixyearsasastudentandtwoyearsasateacher,JanedecidestoleaveLowood,likeherfriendandconfidanteMissTemple.Sheadvertisesherservicesasagoverness,andreceivesonereply.ItisfromAliceFairfax,thehousekeeperatThornfieldHall.Shetakestheposition,teachingAdeleVarens,ayoungFrenchgirl.WhileJaneiswalkingonenighttoanearbytown,ahorsemanpassesher.Thehorseslipsoniceandthrowstherider.Shehelpshimtothehorse.Later,backatthemansionshelearnsthatthismanisEdwardRochester,masterofthehouse.Heteasesher,askingwhethershebewitchedhishorsetomakehimfall.Adeleishisward,leftinMr.Rochester"scarewhenhermotherdied.Mr.RochesterandJaneenjoyeachother"scompanyandspendmanyhourstogether.Oddthingsstarttohappenatthehouse,suchasastrangelaugh,amysteriousfireinMr.Rochester"sroom,onwhichJanethrowswater,andanattackonRochester"shouseguest,Mr.Mason.Janereceiveswordthatherauntwascallingforher,afterbeinginmuchgriefbecausehersonhasdied.ShereturnstoGatesheadandremainsthereforamonthcaringforherdyingaunt.Mrs.ReedgivesJanealetterfromJane"spaternaluncle,MrJohnEyre,askingforhertolivewithhim.Mrs.ReedadmitstotellingherunclethatJanehaddiedoffeveratLowood.Soonafter,Jane"sauntdies,andshereturnstoThornfield.JanebeginstocommunicatetoheruncleJohnEyre.St.JohnRiversadmitsJanetoMoorHouse.AfterreturningtoThornfield,JanebroodsoverMr.Rochester"simpendingmarriagetoBlancheIngram.Butonamidsummerevening,heproclaimshisloveforJaneandproposes.Asshepreparesforherwedding,Jane"sforebodingsarisewhenastrange,savage-lookingwomansneaksintoherroomonenightandripsherweddingveilintwo.Aswiththepreviousmysteriousevents,Mr.RochesterattributestheincidenttodrunkennessonthepartofGracePoole,oneofhisservants.Duringtheweddingceremony,Mr.MasonandalawyerdeclarethatMr.RochestercannotmarrybecauseheisstillmarriedtoMr.Mason’ssisterBertha.Mr.Rochesteradmitsthisistrue,butexplainsthathisfathertrickedhimintothemarriageforhermoney.Oncetheywereunited,hediscoveredthatshewasrapidlydescendingintomadnessandeventuallylockedherawayinThornfield,hiringGracePooleasanursetolookafterher.WhenGracegetsdrunk,hiswifeescapes,andcausesthestrangehappeningsatThornfield.Mr.RochesterasksJanetogo41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文withhimtothesouthofFrance,andliveashusbandandwife,eventhoughtheycannotbemarried.Refusingtogoagainstherprinciples,anddespiteherloveforhim,JaneleavesThornfieldinthemiddleofthenight.JanetravelsthroughEnglandusingthelittlemoneyshehadsaved.Sheaccidentallyleavesherbundleofpossessionsonacoachandhastosleeponthemoor,tryingtotradeherscarfandglovesforfood.Exhausted,shemakesherwaytothehomeofDianaandMaryRivers,butisturnedawaybythehousekeeper.Shefaintsonthedoorstep,preparingforherdeath.St.JohnRivers,DianaandMary"sbrotherandaclergyman,savesher.Aftersheregainsherhealth,St.Johnfindsherateachingpositionatanearbycharityschool.Janebecomesgoodfriendswiththesisters,butSt.Johnremainsreserved.ThesistersleaveforgovernessjobsandSt.JohnbecomescloserwithJane.St.JohndiscoversJane"strueidentity,andastoundsherbyshowingheraletterstatingthatheruncleJohnEyrehasdiedandleftherhisentirefortuneof£20,000(equivalenttoover£45.5millionin2009,calculatedusingtheshareofGDP).WhenJanequestionshimfurther,St.JohnrevealsthatJohnisalsohisandhissisters"uncle.Theyhadoncehopedforashareoftheinheritance,buthavesinceresignedthemselvestonothing.Jane,overjoyedbyfindingherfamily,insistsonsharingthemoneyequallywithhercousins,andDianaandMarycometoMoorHousetostay.Thinkingshewillmakeasuitablemissionary"swife,St.JohnasksJanetomarryhimandtogowithhimtoIndia,notoutoflove,butoutofduty.JaneinitiallyacceptsgoingtoIndia,butrejectsthemarriageproposal,suggestingtheytravelasbrotherandsister.AssoonasJane"sresolveagainstmarriagetoSt.Johnbeginstoweaken,shemysteriouslyhearsMr.Rochester"svoicecallinghername.JanethenreturnstoThornfieldtofindonlyblackenedruins.ShelearnsthatMr.Rochester"swifesetthehouseonfireandcommittedsuicidebyjumpingfromtheroof.Inhisrescueattempts,Mr.Rochesterlostahandandhiseyesight.Janereuniteswithhim,buthefearsthatshewillberepulsedbyhiscondition.WhenJaneassureshimofherloveandtellshimthatshewillneverleavehim,Mr.Rochesteragainproposesandtheyaremarried.Heeventuallyrecoversenoughsighttoseetheirfirst-bornson.2.1.2ChararscteJaneEyre:Theprotagonistofthenovelandthetitlecharacter.Orphanedasababy,shestrugglesthroughhernearlylovelesschildhoodandbecomesgovernessatThornfieldHall.Janeispassionateandopinionated,andvaluesfreedomandindependence.ShealsohasastrongconscienceandisadeterminedChristian.41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文Mr.Reed:Jane"smaternaluncle,whoadoptsJanewhenherparentsdie.AccordingtoMrs.Reed,hepitiedJaneandoftencaredforhermorethanforhisownchildren.Beforehisowndeath,hemakeshiswifepromisetocareforJane.Mrs.SarahReed:Jane"sauntbymarriage,whoadoptsJaneonherhusband"swishes,butabusesandneglectsher.SheeventuallydisownsherandsendshertoLowoodSchool.JohnReed:Jane"scousin,whoasachildbulliesJaneconstantly,sometimesinhismother"spresence.Heruinshimselfasanadultbydrinkingandgamblingandisthoughttohavecommittedsuicide.ElizaReed:Jane"scousin.Bitterbecausesheisnotasattractiveashersister,shedevotesherselfself-righteouslytoreligion.SheleavesforanunnerynearLisleafterhermother"sdeath,determinedtoestrangeherselffromhersister.GeorgianaReed:Jane"scousin.Thoughspitefulandinsolent,sheisalsobeautifulandindulged.HersisterElizafoilshermarriagetothewealthyLordEdwinVere,whentheywereabouttoelope.ShealsobecomesafriendofJane"stowardstheendofthenovelandeventuallymarriesawealthyman.BessieLee:Theplain-spokennursemaidatGateshead.SheoftentreatsJanekindly,tellingherstoriesandsinginghersongs.LatershemarriesRobertLeaven.RobertLeaven:ThecoachmanatGateshead,whobringsJanethenewsofJohnReed"sdeath,whichbroughtonMrs.Reed"sstroke.Mr.Lloyd:AcompassionateapothecarywhorecommendsthatJanebesenttoschool.Later,hewritesalettertoMissTempleconfirmingJane"saccountofherchildhoodandtherebyclearingJaneofMrs.Reed"schargeoflying.Mr.Brocklehurst:TheclergymanheadmasterandtreasurerofLowoodSchool,whosemaltreatmentofthestudentsiseventuallyexposed.Areligioustraditionalist,headvocatesforhischargesthemostharsh,plain,anddisciplinepossiblelifestyle—butnot,hypocritically,forhimselfandhisfamily.HisseconddaughterAugustaherebystates:"Oh,mydearpapa,howquietandplainallthegirlsatLowoodlook...theylookatmydressandmama"s,asiftheyneverseenasilkgownbefore."MissMariaTemple:ThekindsuperintendentofLowoodSchool,whotreatsthestudentswithrespectandcompassion.ShehelpsclearJaneofMr.Brocklehurst"sfalseaccusationofdeceit,andcaresforHeleninherlastdays.41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文MissScatcherd:AsourandviciousteacheratLowood.HelenBurns:Jane"sbestfriendatLowoodSchool.Sherefusestohatethosewhoabuseher,trustinginGodandprayingforpeaceonedayinheaven.SheteachesJanetotrustChristianity,anddiesofconsumptioninJane"sarms.ElizabethGaskell,inherbiographyoftheBrontësisters,wrotethatHelenBurnswas"anexacttranscript"ofMariaBrontë,whodiedofConsumptionatage11.EdwardFairfaxRochester:ThemasterofThornfieldManor.AByronichero,heistrickedintomakinganunfortunatefirstmarriagetoBerthaMasonmanyyearsbeforehemeetsJane,withwhomhefallsmadlyinlove.BerthaAntoinettaMason:TheviolentlyinsanefirstwifeofEdwardRochester;movedtoThornfieldandlockedintheattic.AdèleVarens:AnexcitableFrenchchildtowhomJaneisgovernessatThornfield.ShehasbeenMr.Rochester"swardsincethedeathofhermother,Rochester"smistress.Mrs.AliceFairfax:AnelderlywidowandthehousekeeperofThornfieldManor.ShecaresforbothJaneandMr.Rochester.Leah:Theyoung,prettyandkindhousemaidatThornfield,withanoccasionalexcitablenature.BlancheIngram:AsocialitewhomMr.RochestertemporarilycourtsinordertomakeJanejealous.Sheisdescribedashavinggreatbeauty,butdisplayscallousbehaviourandavariciousintent.RichardMason:AnEnglishmanfromtheWestIndies,whosesisterisMr.Rochester"sfirstwife.HetookpartintrickingMr.RochesterintomarryingBertha,earningbothoftheiranger.Hestill,however,caresforhissister"swell-being.GracePoole:BerthaMason"scaretaker.Mr.RochesterpaysheraveryhighsalarytokeepBerthahiddenandquiet,andsheisoftenusedasanexplanationforoddhappenings.ShehasaweaknessfordrinkthatoccasionallyallowsBerthatoescape.St.JohnEyreRivers:AclergymanwhobefriendsJaneandturnsouttobehercousin.Heisthoroughlypracticalandsuppressesallhishumanpassionsandemotionsinfavourofpiety.HeisdeterminedtogotoIndiaasamissionary,evenifitmeanslosinghislove,Rosamond.DianaandMaryRivers:St.John"ssistersand(asitturnsout)Jane"scousins.Theyarepoor,intelligent,andkind-hearted,andwantSt.JohntostayinEngland.41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文RosamondOliver:Abeautiful,wealthyyoungwoman,thepatronofthevillageschoolwhereJaneteaches.ShefallsinlovewithSt.John,onlytoberejectedbecauseshewillnotmakeagoodmissionary"swife.AliceWood:Jane"smaidwhensheismistressofthegirls"charityschoolinMorton.JohnEyre:Jane"spaternaluncle,wholeavesherhisvastfortuneandwishestoadoptherattheageof13.Mrs.ReedpreventstheadoptionoutofspitetowardsJane.Mr.Oliver:RosamondOliver"sfather.HeisakindandcharitableoldmanandisfondofSt.John..2.1.3ThemesThissectionmaycontainoriginalresearch.Pleaseimproveitbyverifyingtheclaimsmadeandaddingreferences.Statementsconsistingonlyoforiginalresearchmayberemoved.2.2WutheringHeightsWutheringHeightsistheonlypublishednovelbyEmilyBrontë,writtenbetweenOctober1845andJune1846andpublishedinJulyofthefollowingyear.ItwasnotprinteduntilDecember1847,afterthesuccessofhersisterCharlotteBrontë"snovelJaneEyre,underthepseudonymEllisBell.AposthumoussecondeditionwaseditedbyCharlottein1850.ThetitleofthenovelcomesfromtheYorkshiremanoronthemoorsofthestory.Thenarrativecentresontheall-encompassing,passionate,butultimatelydoomedlovebetweenCatherineEarnshawandHeathcliff,andhowthisunresolvedpassioneventuallydestroysthemandthepeoplearoundthem.图2-3TodayconsideredaclassicofEnglishliterature,WutheringHeightsmetwithmixedreviewsandcontroversywhenitfirstappeared,mainlybecauseofthenarrative"sstarkdepictionofmentalandphysicalcruelty.AlthoughCharlotteBrontë"sJaneEyrewasgenerallyconsideredthebestoftheBrontësisters"worksduringmostofthenineteenthcentury,manysubsequentcriticsofWutheringHeightsarguedthatitwasasuperiorachievement.WutheringHeightshasalsogivenrisetomanyadaptationsandinspiredworks,includingfilms,radio,televisiondramatisations,a41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文musicalbyBernardJ.Taylor,aballet,threeoperas(respectivelybyBernardHerrmann,CarlisleFloyd,andFrédéricChaslin),arole-playinggame,andthe1978charttoppingsongbyKateBush.2.2.1PlotOpening(chapters1to3)In1801,Mr.Lockwood,arichmanfromthesouthofEngland,rentsThrushcrossGrangeinthenorthofEnglandforpeaceandrecuperation.Soonafterhisarrival,hevisitshislandlord,Mr.Heathcliff,wholivesintheremotemoorlandfarmhousecalled"WutheringHeights."HefindstheinhabitantsofWutheringHeightstobearatherstrangegroup:Mr.Heathcliffappearsagentlemanbuthismannerismssuggestotherwise;thereservedmistressofthehouseisinhermid-teens;andayoungmanappearstobeoneofthefamily,althoughhedressesandtalkslikeaservant.Beingsnowedin,Mr.Lockwoodstaysthenightandisshowntoanunusedchamber,wherehefindsbooksandgraffitifromaformerinhabitantofthefarmhousenamedCatherine.Whenhefallsasleep,hehasanightmareinwhichheseesCatherineasaghosttryingtoenterthroughthewindow.Heathcliffrushestotheroomafterhearinghimyellinginfear.HebelievesMrLockwoodistellingthetruth,andinspectsthewindow,openingitinafutileattempttoletCatherine"sspiritinfromthecold.Afternothingeventuates,HeathcliffshowsMrLockwoodtohisownbedroom,andreturnstokeepguardatthewindow.Assoonasthesunrises,MrLockwoodisescortedbacktoThrushcrossGrangebyHeathcliff.There,heaskshishousekeeper,NellyDean,totellhimthestoryofthefamilyfromtheHeights.2.2.2TheChildhoodofHeathcliff(chapters4to17)Thirtyyearsprior,theEarnshawfamilylivedatWutheringHeights.ThechildrenofthefamilyaretheteenagedHindleyandhisyoungersister,Catherine.Mr.EarnshawtravelstoLiverpool,wherehefindsahomelessdark-skinnedboywhomhedecidestoadopt,naminghim"Heathcliff."Hindleyfindshimselfrobbedofhisfather"saffectionsandbecomesbitterlyjealousofHeathcliff.However,Catherinegrowsveryattachedtohim.Soon,thetwochildrenspendhoursonthemoorstogetherandhateeverymomentapart.BecauseofthedomesticdiscordcausedbyHindley"sandHeathcliff"ssiblingrivalry,Hindleyiseventuallysenttocollege.However,hemarriesawomannamedFrancesandreturnsthreeyears41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文later,afterMr.Earnshawdies.HebecomesmasterofWutheringHeights,andforcesHeathclifftobecomeaservantinsteadofamemberofthefamily.SeveralmonthsafterHindley"sreturn,HeathcliffandCatherinetraveltoThrushcrossGrangetospyontheLintonfamily.However,theyarespottedandtrytoescape.Catherine,havingbeencaughtbyadog,isbroughtinsidetheGrangetohaveinjuriestendedtowhileHeathcliffissenthome.CatherineeventuallyreturnstoWutheringHeightsasachangedwoman,lookingandactingasalady.ShelaughsatHeathcliff"sunkemptappearance.WhentheLintonsvisitthenextday,Heathcliffdressesuptoimpressher.ItfailswhenEdgar,oneoftheLintonchildren,argueswithhim.Heathcliffislockedintheattic,whereCatherinelatertriestocomforthim.HeswearsvengeanceonHindley.Inthesummerofthenextyear,Francesgivesbirthtoason,Hareton,butshediesbeforetheyearisout.ThisleadsHindleytodescendintoalifeofdrunkennessandwaste.TwoyearspassandCatherinehasbecomeclosefriendswithEdgar,growingmoredistantfromHeathcliff.OnedayinAugust,whileHindleyisabsent,EdgarcomestovisitCatherine.ShehasanargumentwithNelly,whichthenspreadstoEdgarwhotriestoleave.Catherinestopshimand,beforelong,theydeclarethemselveslovers.Later,CatherinetalkswithNelly,explainingthatEdgarhadaskedhertomarryhimandshehadaccepted.ShesaysthatshedoesnotreallyloveEdgarbutHeathcliff.UnfortunatelyshecouldnevermarryHeathcliffbecauseofhislackofstatusandeducation.ShethereforeplanstomarryEdgarandusethatpositiontohelpraiseHeathcliff"sstanding.Unfortunately,Heathcliffhadoverheardthefirstpartaboutnotbeingabletomarryhimandrunsaway,disappearingwithoutatrace.Afterthreeyears,EdgarandCatherinearemarried.Sixmonthsafterthemarriage,Heathcliffreturnsasagentleman,havinggrownstrongerandricherduringhisabsence.CatherineisdelightedtoseehimalthoughEdgarisnotsokeen.Edgar"ssister,Isabella,noweighteen,fallsinlovewithHeathcliff,seeinghimasaromantichero.Hedespisesherbutencouragestheinfatuation,seeingitasachanceforrevengeonEdgar.WhenheembracesIsabellaonedayattheGrange,thereisanargumentwithEdgarwhichcausesCatherinetolockherselfinherroomandfallill.HeathcliffhasbeenstayingattheHeights,gamblingwithHindleyandteachingHaretonbadhabits.Hindleyisgraduallylosinghiswealth,mortgagingthefarmhousetoHeathclifftorepayhisdebts.41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文WhileCatherineisill,HeathcliffelopeswithIsabella.ThefugitivesmarryandreturntwomonthslatertoWutheringHeights.HeathcliffhearsthatCatherineisillandarrangeswithNellytovisitherinsecret.Intheearlyhoursofthedayaftertheirmeeting,Catherinegivesbirthtoherdaughter,Cathy,andthendies.ThedayafterCatherine"sfuneral,IsabellafleesHeathcliffandescapestothesouthofEnglandwheresheeventuallygivesbirthtoLinton,Heathcliff"sson.HindleydiessixmonthsafterCatherine.HeathclifffindshimselfthemasterofWutheringHeightsandtheguardianofHareton.2.2.3TheMaturityofHeathcliff(chapters18to31)BrontëSocietyplaqueatTopWithensTwelveyearslater,Cathyhasgrownintoabeautiful,high-spiritedgirlwhohasrarelypassedoutsidethebordersoftheGrange.EdgarhearsthatIsabellaisdyingandleavestopickuphersonwiththeintentionofadoptinghim.Whileheisgone,CathymeetsHaretononthemoorsandlearnsofhercousin"sandWutheringHeights"existence.EdgarreturnswithLintonwhoisaweakandsicklyboy.AlthoughCathyisattractedtohim,HeathcliffwantshissonwithhimandinsistsonhavinghimtakentotheHeights.Threeyearslater,NellyandCathyareonthemoorswhentheymeetHeathcliffwhotakesthemtoWutheringHeightstoseeLintonandHareton.HehasplansforLintonandCathytomarrysothathewillinheritThrushcrossGrange.CathyandLintonbeginasecretfriendship.InAugustofthenextyear,whileEdgarisveryill,NellyandCathyvisitWutheringHeightsandareheldcaptivebyHeathcliffwhowantstomarryhissontoCathyand,atthesametime,preventherfromreturningtoherfatherbeforehedies.Afterfivedays,NellyisreleasedandCathyescapeswithLinton"shelpjustintimetoseeherfatherbeforehedies.WithHeathcliffnowthemasterofbothWutheringHeightsandThrushcrossGrange,CathyhasnochoicebuttoleaveNellyandtogoandlivewithHeathcliffandHareton.Lintondiessoonafterwardsand,althoughHaretontriestobekindtoher,sheretreatsintoherself.ThisisthepointofthestoryatwhichLockwoodarrives.Afterbeingillwithacoldforsometime,LockwooddecidesthathehashadenoughofthemoorsandtravelstoWutheringHeightstoinformHeathcliffthatheisreturningtothesouth.2.2.4Ending(chapters32to34)41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文InSeptember,eightmonthsafterleaving,LockwoodfindshimselfbackintheareaanddecidestostayatThrushcrossGrange(sincehistenancyisstillvaliduntilOctober).HefindsthatNellyisnowlivingatWutheringHeights.Hemakeshiswaythereandshefillsintherestofthestory.NellyhadmovedtotheHeightssoonafterLockwoodlefttoreplacethehousekeeperwhohaddeparted.InMarch,Haretonhadanaccidentandhasbeenconfinedtothefarmhouse.Duringthistime,afriendshipdevelopedbetweenCathyandHareton.ThiscontinuesintoAprilwhenHeathcliffbeginstoactverystrangely,seeingvisionsofCatherine.Afternoteatingforfourdays,heisfounddeadinCatherine"sroom.HeisburiednexttoCatherine.Lockwooddepartsbut,beforeheleaves,hehearsthatHaretonandCathyplantomarryonNewYear"sDay.LockwoodpassesthegravesofCatherine,EdgarandHeathcliff,pausingtocontemplatethepeacefulquietofthemoors.2.2.5CharactersHeathcliff:Found,andpresumablyorphaned,onthestreetsofLiverpool,heistakentoWutheringHeightsbyMr.Earnshawandreluctantlycaredforbytherestofthefamily.HeandCatherinelatergrowclose,andtheirlovebecomesthecentralthemeofthefirstvolume;hisrevengeanditsconsequencesarethemainthemeofthesecondvolume.HeathcliffistypicallyconsideredaByronichero,butcriticshavefoundhischaracter,withacapacityforself-invention,tobeprofoundlydifficulttoassess.Hispositioninsociety,withoutstatus(Heathcliffservesasbothhisgivennameandsurname),isoftenthesubjectofMarxistcriticism.[6]CatherineEarnshaw:FirstintroducedinLockwood"sdiscoveryofherdiaryandetchings,Catherine"slifeisalmostentirelydetailedinthefirstvolume.Sheseeminglysuffersfromacrisisofidentity,unabletochoosebetweennatureandculture(and,byextension,HeathcliffandEdgar).HerdecisiontomarryEdgarLintonoverHeathcliffhasbeenseenasasurrendertoculture,andhasimplicationsforallthecharactersofWutheringHeights.ThecharacterofCatherinehasbeenanalysedbymanyformsofliterarycriticism,including:psychoanalyticandfeminist.EdgarLinton:IntroducedasachildoftheLintonfamily,whoresidesatThrushcrossGrange,Edgar"slifeandmannerismsareimmediatelycontrastedwiththoseofHeathcliffandCatherine,andindeedtheformerdislikeshim.Yet,owingmuchtohisstatus,CatherinemarrieshimandnotHeathcliff.Thisdecision,andthedifferencesbetweenEdgarandHeathcliff,havebeenreadintobyfeministcriticisms.41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文Ellen"Nelly"Dean:Thesecondandprimarynarratorofthenovel,NellyhasbeenaservantofeachgenerationofboththeEarnshawandLintonfamilies.Sheispresentedasacharacterwhostraddlestheideaofa"cultureversusnature"divideinthenovel:sheisalocaloftheareaandaservant,andhasexperiencedlifeatWutheringHeights.However,sheisalsoaneducatedwomanandhaslivedatThrushcrossGrange.Thisideaisrepresentedinherhavingtwonames,Ellen—hergivennameandusedtoshowrespect,andNelly—usedbyherfamiliars.WhetherNellyisanunbiasednarratorandhowfarheractions,asanapparentbystander,affecttheothercharactersaretwopointsofhercharacterdiscussedbycritics.IsabellaLinton:IntroducedaspartoftheLintonfamily,Isabellaisonlyevershowninrelationtoothercharacters.SheviewsHeathcliffasaromantichero,despiteCatherine"swarningheragainstsuchaview,andbecomesanunwittingparticipantinhisplotforrevenge.AfterbeingmarriedtoHeathcliffandabusedatWutheringHeights,sheescapestoLondonandgivesbirthtoLinton.Suchabusivetreatmenthasledmany,especiallyfeministcritics,toconsiderIsabellathetrue/conventional"tragicromantic"figureofWutheringHeights.HindleyEarnshaw:Catherine"sbrotherwhomarriesFrances,anunknownwomantothefamily,andonlyrevealsthiswhenMr.Earnshawdies.HespiralsintodestructivebehaviourafterherdeathandruinstheEarnshawfamilywithhisdrinkingandgambling.HaretonEarnshaw:ThesonofHindleyandFrances,initiallyraisedbyNellybutpassedovertoineffectJosephandHeathcliff.TheformerworkstoinstillasenseofprideinEarnshawheritage,eventhoughHaretonhasnorighttothepropertyassociatedwithit.ThelatterstrivestoteachhimallsortsofvulgaritiesasawayofavenginghimselfonHareton"sfather,Hindley.HaretonspeakswithasimilaraccenttoJosephandworksasaservantinWutheringHeights,unawareofhistruerights.HisappearanceregularlyremindsHeathcliffofCatherine.CathyLinton:ThedaughterofCatherineEarnshawandEdgarLinton,sheisaspiritedgirl,thoughunawareofherparents"history.EdgarisveryprotectiveofherandasaresultsheisconstantlylookingbeyondtheconfinesoftheGrange.LintonHeathcliff:ThesonofHeathcliffandIsabella,heisaveryweakchildandhischaracterresemblesHeathcliff"s,thoughwithoutitsonlyredeemingfeature:love.HemarriesCathyLinton,butonlyunderthedirectionofhisfather,whomhediscoversonlyasheentershisteens.Joseph:AservantatWutheringHeightswhoisadevoutChristian.HespeakswithaverythickYorkshireaccent.41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文Lockwood:Thefirstnarratorofthenovel,hecomestorentThrushcrossGrangefromHeathclifftoescapesocietybutfinallydecideshepreferscompanyratherthanendingupasHeathcliff.HenarratesthebookuntilChapter4whentheprimarynarrator,Nelly,thentakesover.Frances:Agenerallyamiablecharacter,hermarriagetoHindleyisunrevealeduntilMrEarnshawdies.Kenneth:AdoctorinthenearbyvillageofGimmerton.Zillah:AservanttoHeathcliffatWutheringHeightsinthetimeafterCatherine"sdeath.2.2.6Relationshipsmap图2-4Key:blackline:sonordaughterof;ifdotteditmeansadoptionredline:wedding;ifdoubleitmeanssecondweddingpinkline:loveblueline:affectiongreenline:hatelightyellowarea:activeheroesvioletarea:externalobservers2.3AgnesGreyAgnesGreyisthedebutnovelofEnglishauthorAnneBrontë,firstpublishedinDecember1847,andrepublishedinasecondeditionin1850.ThenovelfollowsAgnesGrey,agoverness,assheworksinseveralbourgeoisfamilies.ScholarshipandcommentsbyAnne"ssisterCharlotteBrontë41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文suggestthenovelislargelybasedonAnneBrontë"sownexperiencesasagovernessforfiveyears.LikehersisterCharlotte"snovelJaneEyre,itaddresseswhattheprecariouspositionofgovernessentailedandhowitaffectedayoungwoman.ThechoiceofcentralcharacterallowsAnnetodealwithissuesofoppressionandabuseofwomenandgovernesses,isolationandideasofempathy.Anadditionalthemeisthefairtreatmentofanimals.AgnesGreyalsomimicssomeofthestylisticapproachesofbildungsromans,employingideasofpersonalgrowthandcomingtoage,butrepresentingacharacterwhoinfactdoesnotgaininvirtue.TheIrishnovelistGeorgeMoorepraisedAgnesGreyas"themostperfectprosenarrativeinEnglishletters,"andwentsofarastocompareAnne"sprosetothatofJaneAusten.ModerncriticshavemademoresubduedclaimsadmiringAgnesGreywithalessovertpraiseofBrontë"sworkthanMoore.2.3.1Plotsummary图2-5AgnesGreyisthedaughterofaminister,whosefamilycomestofinancialruin.Desperatetoearnmoneytocareforherself,shetakesoneofthefewjobsallowedtorespectablewomenintheearlyVictorianera,asagovernesstothechildrenofthewealthy.Inworkingwithtwodifferentfamilies,theBloomfieldsandtheMurrays,shecomestolearnaboutthetroublesthatfaceayoungwomanwhomusttrytoreininunruly,spoiledchildrenforaliving,andabouttheabilityofwealthandstatustodestroysocialvalues.Afterherfather"sdeathAgnesopensasmallschoolwithhermotherandfindshappinesswithamanwholovesherforherself.Bytheendofthenoveltheyhavethreechildren,Edward,AgnesandMary.2.3.2ThemesSocialinstruction41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文ThroughoutAgnesGrey,Agnesisabletoreturntohermotherforinstructionwhentherestofherlifebecomesrough.F.B.PinionidentifiesthisimpulsetoreturnhomewithadesireinAnnetoprovideinstructionforsociety.PinionquotesAnne"sbeliefthat"Allgoodhistoriescontaininstruction"whenhemakesthisargument.HesaysthatAnnefeltthatshecould"Reveallifeasitis...[sothat]rightandwrongwillbeclearinadiscerningreaderwithoutsermonizing."[11]Herdiscussionofoppressionofgovernesses,andinturnwomen,canbeunderstoodfromthisperspective.OppressionEventsrepresentativeofcrueltreatmentofgovernessesandofwomenrecurthroughoutAgnesGrey.[Additionally,Brontëdepictsscenesofcrueltytowardsanimals,aswellasdegradingtreatmentofAgnes.Parallelshavebeendrawnbetweentheoppressionofthesetwogroups—animalsandfemales—thatare"beneath"theupperclasshumanmale.[13]ToAnne,thetreatmentofanimalsreflectedonthecharacteroftheperson.[11]Thisthemeofoppressionprovidedsocialcommentary,likelybasedonAnne"sexperiences.TwentyyearsafteritspublicationLadyAmberlycommentedthat"IshouldliketogiveittoeveryfamilywithagovernessandshallreaditthroughagainwhenIhaveagovernesstoremindmetobehuman."AnimalsBeyondthetreatmentofanimals,Annecarefullydescribestheactionsandexpressionsofanimals.SteviesDaviesobservesthatthisacuityofexaminationalongwiththemoralreflectiononthetreatmentofanimalssuggeststhat,forAnne,"animalsarefellowbeingswithanethicalclaimonhumanprotection."EmpathyAgnestriestoimpartinherchargestheabilitytoempathisewithothers.ThisisespeciallyevidentinherconversationswithRosalieMurray,whosecarelesstreatmentofthemenwholoveherupsetsAgnes.IsolationMariaH.FrawleynotesthatAgnesisisolatedfromayoungage.Shecomesfroma"ruralheritage"andhermotherbringsuphersisterandherselfawayfromsociety.OnceAgneshasbecomeagoverness,shebecomesmoreisolatedbythelargedistancefromherfamilyandfurtheralienationbyheremployers.Agnesdoesnotresisttheisolation,butinsteadusestheopportunityforself-studyandpersonaldevelopment.41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文Chapter3BronteSistersontheinfluenceofworldliterature3.1CharlotteBronteInviewofthesuccessofhernovels,particularlyJaneEyre,CharlottewaspersuadedbyherpublishertovisitLondonoccasionally,wheresherevealedhertrueidentityandbegantomoveinamoreexaltedsocialcircle,becomingfriendswithHarrietMartineauandElizabethGaskell,andacquaintedwithWilliamMakepeaceThackerayandG.H.Lewes.SheneverleftHaworthformorethanafewweeksatatimeasshedidnotwanttoleaveherageingfather"sside.Thackeray’sdaughter,thewriterAnneIsabellaThackerayRitchierecalledavisittoherfatherbyCharlotte:…twogentlemencomein,leadingatiny,delicate,serious,littlelady,withfairstraighthair,andsteadyeyes.Shemaybealittleoverthirty;sheisdressedinalittlebarègedresswithapatternoffaintgreenmoss.Sheentersinmittens,insilence,inseriousness;ourheartsarebeatingwithwildexcitement.Thisthenistheauthoress,theunknownpowerwhosebookshavesetallLondontalking,reading,speculating;somepeopleevensayourfatherwrotethebooks–thewonderfulbooks…Themomentissobreathlessthatdinnercomesasarelieftothesolemnityoftheoccasion,andweallsmileasmyfatherstoopstoofferhisarm;for,geniusthoughshemaybe,MissBrontëcanbarelyreachhiselbow.Myownpersonalimpressionsarethatsheissomewhatgraveandstern,speciallytoforwardlittlegirlswhowishtochatter…Everyonewaitedforthebrilliantconversationwhichneverbeganatall.MissBrontëretiredtothesofainthestudy,andmurmuredalowwordnowandthentoourkindgoverness…theconversationgrewdimmerandmoredim,theladiessatroundstillexpectant,myfatherwastoomuchperturbedbythegloomandthesilencetobeabletocopewithitatall…afterMissBrontëhadleft,Iwassurprisedtoseemyfatheropeningthefrontdoorwithhishaton.Heputhisfingerstohislips,walkedoutintothedarkness,andshutthedoorquietlybehindhim…longafterwards…Mrs.ProcteraskedmeifIknewwhathadhappened…Itwasoneofthedullestevenings[MrsProcter]hadeverspentinherlife…theladieswhohadallcomeexpectingsomuchdelightfulconversation,andthegloomandtheconstraint,andhowfinally,overwhelmedbythesituation,myfatherhadquietlylefttheroom,leftthehouse,andgoneofftohisclub.41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文3.2EmilyBronteIn1847,Emilypublishedhernovel,WutheringHeights,astwovolumesofathree-volumeset(thelastvolumebeingAgnesGreybyhersisterAnne).Itsinnovativestructuresomewhatpuzzledcritics。TheClimbtoTopWithens,Yorkshire,2007.Althoughitreceivedmixedreviewswhenitfirstcameout,andwasoftencondemnedforitsportrayalofamoralpassion,thebooksubsequentlybecameanEnglishliteraryclassic.In1850,CharlotteeditedandpublishedWutheringHeightsasastand-alonenovelandunderEmily"srealname.AlthoughaletterfromherpublisherindicatesthatEmilywasfinalizingasecondnovel,themanuscripthasneverbeenfound.3.3AnneBronteAyearafterAnne"sdeath,furthereditionsofhernovelswerereprintedbutCharlottepreventedre-publicationofTheTenantofWildfellHall.In1850,Charlottewrotedamningly"WildfellHallithardlyappearstomedesirabletopreserve.Thechoiceofsubjectinthatworkisamistake,itwastoolittleconsonantwiththecharacter,tastesandideasofthegentle,retiringinexperiencedwriter."[80]ThisactwasthepredominantcauseofAnne"srelegationtothebackseatoftheBrontëbandwagon.Anne"snovelwasdaringfortheVictorianerawithitsdepictionofscenesofmentalandphysicalcrueltyandapproachtodivorce.TheconsequencewasthatCharlotte"snovels,andEmily"sWutheringHeights,continuedtobepublished,launchingthesetwointoliterarystardom,whileAnne"sworkwasconsignedtooblivion.Annewasonly28whenshewroteTheTenantofWildfellHall;atacomparableage,CharlottehadproducedonlyTheProfessor.AviewhasbeenthatAnneisamereshadowcomparedwithCharlotte,thefamily"smostprolificwriter,andEmily,thegenius.ThisoccurredtoalargeextentbecauseAnnewasverydifferent,asapersonandasawriter,fromCharlotteandEmily.Thecontrolled,reflectivecameraeyeofAgnesGreyisclosertoJaneAusten"sPersuasionthantoCharlotteBrontë"sJaneEyre.ThepainstakingrealismandsocialcriticismofTheTenantofWildfellHalldirectlycounterstheromanticisedviolenceofWutheringHeights.Anne"sreligiousconcerns,reflectedinherbooksandexpresseddirectlyinherpoems,werenotsharedbyhersisters.Anne"ssubtleprosehasafineironicedge;hernovelsrevealAnnetobethemostsociallyradical.Now,withincreasingcriticalinterestinfemaleauthors,herlifeisbeingre-examined,andherworkre-evaluated.Are-appraisalofAnne"sworkhasbegun,leadingtoheracceptance,notasaminorBrontë,butasamajorliteraryfigureinherownright.41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文AgnesGreywaspopularduringAnneBrontë"slife,despitethebeliefofcriticsatthetimethatthenovelwasmarredby"coarseness"and"vulgarity."ThenovellostsomeofitspopularityafterBrontë"sdeathduetodisfavourofitsperceivedmoralising.Therehas,however,beenarecentincreaseinexaminationbyscholarsofAgnesGreyandAnneBrontëherself.InConversationinEburyStreet,theIrishnovelistGeorgeMooreprovidesacommonlycitedexampleofthesenewerreviews,overtlypraisingthestyleofAnneinthebook.F.B.PinionagreedtoalargeextentthatAgnesGreywasquiteamasterwork.However,PinionfeltthatMoore"sexaminationofthepiecewasalittleextremeandhis"preoccupationwithstylemusthaveblindedhimtothepersistenceofhermoralpurpose"ofAgnesGrey.41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文Chapter4Impressionafterreading4.1TheIndependentSpirit——JaneEyre"DoyouthinkIcanstaytobecomenothingtoyou?DoyouthinkIamanautomaton?--amachinewithoutfeelings?andcanbeartohavemymorselofbreadsnatchedfrommylips,andmydropoflivingwaterdashedfrommycup?Doyouthink,becauseIampoor,obscure,plain,andlittle,Iamsoullessandheartless?Youthinkwrong!--Ihaveasmuchsoulasyou,--andfullasmuchheart!AndifGodhadgiftedmewithsomebeautyandmuchwealth,Ishouldhavemadeitashardforyoutoleaveme,asitisnowformetoleaveyou.Iamnottalkingtoyounowthroughthemediumofcustom,conventionalities,norevenofmortalflesh;--itismyspiritthataddressesyourspirit;justasifbothhadpassedthroughthegrave,andwestoodatGod"sfeet,equal,--asweare!"ThisparagraphofwordsthatisJaneEyresaidtoMrRochester.Thisisastoryaboutaspecialandunreservedwomanwhohasbeenexposedtoahostileenvironmentbutcontinuouslyandfearlesslystrugglingforherideallife.Thestorycanbeinterpretedasasymboloftheindependentspirit.JaneEyreasanative,kind-hearted,noble-mindedwomanwhopursesagenuinekindoflove.Sherepresentsthosemiddle-classworkingwomenwhoarestrugglingforrecognitionoftheirrightsandequalityasahumanbeing.Thevividdescriptionofherintensefeelingsandherthoughtandinnerconflictsbringshertotheheartoftheaudience.TheworkisoneofthemostpopularandimportantnovelsoftheVictorianage.Itisnotedforitssharpcriticismoftheexistingsociety.Forexample,thereligioushypocrisycriticismofcharityinstitutionssuchasLowoodSchoolwherepoorgirlsaretrained.JaneEyreischarming.Becauseshedarestostruggle.Atlast,shewinsherlove,marriageanddignity.Sheisallfemaleglory.4.2Loveandrevenge——WutheringheightsWhenIfirstreadWutheringheights,IhadbeenDeeplyattracted.41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文Wutheringheightsisaloveandrevengestory,whichtellsabouttwofamiliesandanintrudingstranger.Abeggarboy,whonamedheathcliffinLiverpool"sstreetsweregoodearnshawpickedup,home,andtheadoptionofXinDeLeiearnshawsonanddaughterCatherinelivetogether,XinDeLeihateheathcliffandhissisterlikesheathcliff,earnshawdied,XinDeLeiintoahouseholder,heathcliff"sservantandtenantstreatedwhen,deprivedhimoftherighttoeducation,abuse,halfofindignities.Meanwhile,andCatherineheathcliffbecausethedispositionandinteresttheconsistentandbecomethebestoffriendsandhazylove.ThesonsofrichgentryadjacenttoCatherinelintoncourtship,frequentlyvisited,Catherinesaiduntohimagoodanddecidedtomarryhim,heathcliff"sangerandflee.ThreeyearslatermarriedCatherinelinton.Heathcliffisrich,andbackexactrevenge.BecauseofhiswifeandXinDeLeistainedwiththehabitofdrinkingandgambling,heathcliffenticehimfurtherfalleasilyoccupiedallhishouse,andhissonintoanilliterateandabettingrogue.HeathcliffmarriedbyfraudulentmeanssisterIsabellalintonforhiswife,shemarriedeveryabuse.CatherineailmentsinsmalldaughterCatherine,whodiedafternext,isabelleinrecognizingheathcliff"sfacealsoleavehim,andgavebirthtosonsxiao.Later,hissonwasdead,Isabellacolumntoheathclifffromhishand,andwithlittleloveCatherinetempthim.Inlintoncriticallyill,hetooklittleCatherine,designwithhissonforcedhertomarry,Lin"sswallowedlinton,allthehouseofhisrevengeplanwascompleted.Lin,smallCatherine"sdiedshortlyafterthemealwithXinDeLeisonhaslove.Harry,Meanwhile,Catherineheathcliffistheghostofcoiltosplutter,sleep,hefromharrydietandsmallCatherine"seyessawKathleen"seyesreluctanttoobstructtheirlove,indepressionandinsanitydie.Atlast,Lockwooddepartsbut,beforeheleaves,hehearsthatHaretonandCathyplantomarryonNewYear"sDay.LockwoodpassesthegravesofCatherine,EdgarandHeathcliff,pausingtocontemplatethepeacefulquietofthemoors.Thenovelisriddlewhichmeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.Formthesocialpointofview,itisapoolnobody.Asalovestory,thisisoneofthemostmoving;thepassionbetweenHeathcliffandCatherineprovesthemostintense,themostbeautifulandatthesametimethemosthorriblepassionevertobefoundpossibleinhumanbeings.Ingeneral,Wutheringheightsisaloveandrevengestory.4.3Withtherealityofthestruggle——AgnesGreyThestoryisaboutagoverness,whostruggleswiththereality.AgnesGreyisthedaughterofaminister,whosefamilycomestofinancialruin.Desperatetoearnmoneytocareforherself,shetakesoneofthefewjobsallowedtorespectablewomeninthe41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文earlyVictorianera,asagovernesstothechildrenofthewealthy.Inworkingwithtwodifferentfamilies,theBloomfieldsandtheMurrays,shecomestolearnaboutthetroublesthatfaceayoungwomanwhomusttrytoreininunruly,spoiledchildrenforaliving,andabouttheabilityofwealthandstatustodestroysocialvalues.Afterherfather"sdeathAgnesopensasmallschoolwithhermotherandfindshappinesswithamanwholovesherforherself.Bytheendofthenoveltheyhavethreechildren,Edward,AgnesandMary.CatesBaldridgedescribesAgnesGreyasanovelwhich"takesgreatpainstoannounceitselfasabildungsroman"butinfactneverallowsitscharactertogrowuportransformforideologicalreasons.BaldridgesaysthattheearlyemphasisonthebourgeoisupbringingofAgnesallowsthepresuppositionsofthereaderthatthetransformativebourgeoisclasswilldevelopanidealpersonofvirtue.However,Agnesstallsinherdevelopmentbecauseofthecorruptednatureofthehouseholdinwhichsheisemployedandtheineffectivenessofthemoraltransformation,becomeastaticmemberofthebourgeois,ambivalenttotheVictorianvalueofmoraltransformationinvirtue.AgnesGreyisagreatbookaboutaNoblewomen.41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文Chapter5conclusion.ThelivesoftheBrontesistershasbeenthesubjectofpublicinterest.Charlottewasbornin1816,Emilyin1818andAnnein1820.Charlottewholivedthelongestwasseenasthemosttalentedofthesisters.Hermotherdiedin1821leavinghersixchildreninthecareoftheiraunt.Charlotte"stwoeldersistersdiedonlyfouryearslater.Attherectory,CharlottewouldhavelittletodobutreadandwriteandoccasionallywalkonthemoorsThelonelinessexperiencedbyCharlottewasclearlysharp.Soitislessshockingthatinherearlyteensshewroteatleast23complete“novels”(theywereoflittleornorealvalue).SheattendedRoeHeadschoolbetween1831and1832,andthentaughtatthesameschoollaterinthedecade.From1839to1842sheworkedasagovernessMeanwhile,EmilyattendedRoeHeadin1835butreturnedtotherectoryduetohomesickness.Likehereldersistershebecameagoverness.Sheseemstohavebeenthemostintrospective(内省的)ofthesisters,havingveryfewfriends.Nevertheless,shewasatoughwoman,controllingafiercedogwithherbarehands.Anne,theyoungestsisteralsoattendedRoeHeadschoolin1837.Shealsobecameagoverness,actuallyforsometimelongerthanhereldersisters.AnnefoundmaterialforAgnesGrey(1847)inthespoiltchildrenofheremployers.By1847,thethreesistershadeachwrittenanovel.EmilyproducedWutheringHeightsAnneAgnesGrey.Bothwerecriticizedbythepress,Emily"snovelespeciallyforitssupposedlymorbidoutlookandinappropriatesubjects.Nevertheless,historyandparticularlythegreatsuccessofthenovelshavevindicatedthem.CharlottewroteJaneEyreatthistimeanditwasimmediately41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文successful.In1848,EmilydiedinDecemberwithAnnefollowinglessthanayearlater.CharlottecontinuedtowriteandproducedShirley(1849).HerfinalnovelVilletteappearedin1853.Hermarriagein1854toA.B.Nichollswasfollowedonlymonthslaterbyherdeathfromtuberculosis.Inbrief,theyhavemadecontributionstotheliteratureisverybig.41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文References（1）Thehistoryofforeignliterature《外国文学史》ZhejiangUniversityPress浙江大学出版社（2）JaneEyre《简爱》CharlotteBrontë（夏洛蒂·勃朗特著）Thepeople"sLiteraturePublishingHouse人民文学出版社（3）WutheringHeights《呼啸山庄》EmilyBronte(艾米莉·勃朗特著)ShanghaiTranslationPublishingHouse上海译文出版社（4）AgnesGreyy《艾格尼丝·格雷》（安妮·勃朗特著）ChongqingUniversityPress重庆出版社（5）http://annebronte.com/（6）http://baike.baidu.com/view/285751.htm百度百科41 2012级华南理工大学自考本科英语毕业论文AcknowledgementIamgreatlythankanumberofpeople,withouttheirhelpthisthesiscouldnotbecompleted.Firstofall,ImustthankmyadviserMissCao.ShegivesmesomehelpfulsuggestinonsWithoutherhelp,thispaperhaven’tcompleted.Secondly,Imustthanksmyfriend,Palace,whohelpsmecollectmaterialsandcollectmythesis’form.Intheend,Imustexpressmythankstomyfamilywhohavenshownpatienceandunderstandingtoentireperiodofthiswork..EspeciallymyDad,hesupportsmetheoretically,encouragemespiriually.薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀芄莃蚃膂葿蚁蚃袂节蚇蚂肄薇薃蚁膆莀葿蚀艿膃螈虿羈荿蚄蚈肀膁薀螈膃莇蒆螇袂膀莂螆肅莅螁螅膇芈蚇螄艿蒃薃螃罿芆葿螂肁蒂莅螂膄芅蚃袁袃蒀蕿袀羆芃蒅衿膈蒈蒁袈芀莁螀袇羀膄蚆袆肂荿薂袆膄膂蒈羅袄莈莄羄羆膁蚂羃聿莆薈羂芁腿薄羁羁蒄蒀羀肃芇蝿羀膅蒃蚅罿芈芅薁肈羇蒁蒇蚄肀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